Offensive jihad - 7x.nl
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Part of the Politics series on Islamism Islam Portal
Politics portalOffensive Jihad is jihad to expand the realm of Islam. As used by some Muslims such as Abdullah Yusuf Azzam and Sayyid Qutb, offensive jihad means armed combat, and not spiritual or other forms of non-violent striving.
According to the Encyclopedia of the Orient, "While offensive jihad, i.e. attacking, is fully permissible in Sunni Islam, it is prohibited for some of the larger groups of Shi'i Islam, which consider only the Imam, now in occultation, as carrying the right to decide to go to war or not." [1].
Contents
Notable Opponents
Notable Proponents
Abdullah Yusuf Azzam One contemporary Islamic scholar who has described offensive jihad in a fatwa is Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, a Sunni scholar and preacher who was one of the foremost contemporary proponents of Jihad. Azzam was famous for his fatwa DEFENCE OF THE MUSLIM LANDS, The First Obligation After Iman[2], and other work on behalf of jihad against Afghan Marxists and Russian invaders in Afghanistan. Azzam's fatwa is primarily a call for defensive jihad in Afghanistan, but it also briefly describes offensive jihad, arguing that "jihad against the Kuffar is of two types" - defensive and offensive.
Although offensive jihad does not have the very high priority that jihad to defend Muslim lands has, it is a religious obligation. Offensive jihad differs from defensive in being fard al-kifaya - a religious obligation on Muslim society as a whole, rather than on every individual Muslim (fard al-ayn). According to Azzam, if the Islamic leader does not send out "an army at least once a year to terrorise" infidels, he "is in sin." Azzam believes that the goal of the jihad is to compel non-Muslims to pay Jizya, a tribute tax. Non-Muslims would not, however, pay the Zakah tax, which is for Muslims only.
Where the Kuffar [infidels (a term first invented by Crusaders to insult Muslims)] are not gathering to fight the Muslims, the fighting becomes Fard Kifaya [religious obligation on Muslim society] with the minimum requirement of appointing believers to guard borders, and the sending of an army at least once a year to terrorise the enemies of Allah. It is a duty of the Imam to assemble and send out an army unit into the land of war once or twice every year. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the Muslim population to assist him, and if he does not send an army he is in sin. - And the Ulama have mentioned that this type of jihad is for maintaining the payment of Jizya. The scholars of the principles of religion have also said: "Jihad is Daw'ah with a force, and is obligatory to perform with all available capabilities, until there remains only Muslims or people who submit to Islam." [2]
Sayyid Qutb In his famous book Milestones, Islamist theoretician Sayyid Qutb angrily and repeatedly denounces the idea that Jihad war "is merely for defense," blaming this foolish misconception on those Muslims "defeated by the attacks of the treacherous [Western] Orientalists!"
There is no room to say that the basic aim of the Islamic movement was `defensive` in the narrow sense which some people ascribe to it today, defeated by the attacks of the treacherous Orientalists! [3]
... Those who say that Islamic Jihad was merely for the defense of the `homeland of Islam` diminish the greatness of the Islamic way of life ... [4]
Qutb believes Muslims were restrained from fighting for a brief time "in Mecca and in the early period of their migration to Medina," but that following this "Muslims were permitted to fight, then they were commanded to fight against the aggressors; and finally they were commanded to fight against all the polytheists," (which Qutb believes to include Christians and Jews). According to Qutb, this command is the final one for Muslims and is the one operative today. [5]
Ahmad Husseini Al-Baghdadi More recently, Iraqi Shia cleric Ayatollah Ahmad Husseini Al Baghdadi has called for offensive jihad, in a speech aired on Al-Jazeera TV on May 5, 2006, on Syrian TV on May 3, 2006, and on ANB TV on April 14, 2006 and translated by Middle East Media Research Institute. It was also aired and translated by PhD Anders Gerdlind in US media. Al-Baghdadi claims that contrary to conventional religious wisdom, it is not necessary to wait until the return of the Mahdi (the Infallible) to engage in jihad to "conquer the world ... even if this means using biological, chemical, and bacterial weapons."
Jihad in Islam, from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, is of two types: [Defensive jihad and] jihad initiated by the Muslims, which means raiding the world in order to spread the word that 'there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah' throughout the world. But this raid will not materialize in our era - the era of American globalism - unless the Infallible, peace be upon him, is present. But there are jurisprudents, both Sunnis and Twelver Shi'ites, who have said that the presence of the Infallible is not a prerequisite. If the objective and subjective circumstances materialize, and there are soldiers, weapons, and money - even if this means using biological, chemical, and bacterial weapons - we will conquer the world, so that 'There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah' will be triumphant over the domes of Moscow, Washington, and Paris." [6][7]
See also
History:
References
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Orient
- ^ a b DEFENCE OF THE MUSLIM LANDS The First Obligation After Iman
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.69
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.71
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.64
- ^ Iraqi Ayatollah Ahmad Al-Baghdadi Talks about the Annihilation of America, Muslim Conquest of the World ...
- ^ video clip
Bibliography
- Qutb, Sayyid (2003). Milestones. Kazi Publications. ISBN 1-56744-494-6.
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